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Keep birds out: Vineyard netting options and other deterrents

Article written by Madeline Wimmer, Extension Educator - Fruit Production Images: 1a) Rigid, plastic mesh netting with 3/4in mesh demonstrating how netting can be lifted and temporarily clipped above clusters to make harvesting easier; b) close up showing a yellow garden spider for size comparison; c) netting clips can fasten any type of net and can be clipped below grapevines. 2a) An alternative over-the-row knit mesh netting is more flexible, can be applied mechanically (2b), and can additionally be clipped underneath vines to keep it in place. Birds are often the most damaging wildlife vineyards face. Bird pressure can change depending on a vineyard’s location and how close it is to a forest edge, or a grainfield that attracts birds after it's harvested. Other variations that contribute to bird pressure include seasonal trends, the grape variety, and bird species (i.e., not all bird species feed on grapes). When bird damage is severe, it can be devastating to a particular vintag...
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Weekly vegetable update - August 6, 2025

Natalie Hoidal After a week of cooler days and a lot of smoke, we’re seeing some more typical summer conditions. Crops are responding well to the heat; our heat loving crops like tomatoes and peppers are finally ripening in fields as planting for fall harvested crops slows down. This week’s update includes late season fertility adjustments, a few new (to us) plant mysteries, and some notes about diseases. Late season fertility adjustments This is the time of year when we really start to see which fields have too much nitrogen. If you’re seeing healthy plants with tons of leaves but no flowers or fruit, too much nitrogen is the likely culprit. Peppers have a distinct lifecycle shift from vegetative to reproductive growth (i.e. green leafy growth to flowers and fruit), and nitrogen tells the plant to keep producing green leaves. This is especially problematic for specialty hot peppers like habaneros, which need an especially long growing season. Unfortunately, there’s not much we can do...

Fruit update - August 6, 2025

Article written by Madeline Wimmer, Extension Educator - Fruit Production Apples Measuring fruit ripeness: Starch test Grapes Growth stage update: Veraison Bird netting and other deterrents Should Minnesota growers be concerned about smoke taint this year? Day-neutral strawberries Seasonal check in: Harvest is ramping up Management: Runner removal Fall-bearing raspberries Growth stage: Harvest is beginning Apples Measuring fruit ripeness: Starch test Images: Three apples that were assessed for ripeness by the UMN Horticultural Research Center apple team, first by taste testing, followed by a starch test, which stains starches blue. Iodine-starch testing for ripeness We're reaching that time of the growing season when early University of Minnesota apple varieties like First Kiss and Zestar! are approaching their harvest window. Many apples are showing color development, but other ripening indicators to look for include a change in flavor profile, starches converting into simple sug...

Vegetable update - July 30, 2025

Natalie Hoidal & Marissa Schuh   August is almost here, and with all of the rain and humidity, plant diseases are quickly catching up right as peak summer harvest season begins. This week's update includes an overview of recovering from storm damage, keeping our lungs healthy in smoky air, and crop updates which heavily feature plant disease problems.  Helping plants recover from severe storms Strong storms across the state earlier this week caused flooding, hail damage, and wind damage on many farms. If you had areas that flooded, crops that were touched by floodwater shouldn’t be harvested and sold. Flood water is different from pooling rain - use your discretion if the water in your field is just from rain that is pooling on the surface. If flood water moved from elsewhere on your farm into the field, avoid selling produce that touched this water. Weather was conducive for many diseases before the severe weather, and looking ahead, while things will cool down, many di...

Fruit update - July 30, 2025

Article written by Madeline Wimmer, Extension Educator - Fruit Production Apples: About: Honeycrisp sport varieties Grapes: Vine nutrition: Veraison is the next opportunity for petiole sampling Apples: Images: David Bedford, UMN researcher who is renowned for his work breeding apple varieties like Honeycrisp, spoke at the 2025 Minnesota Apple Growers Association summer tour about the difference between an apple sport and true cultivated variety. This topic led into more discussion about various Honeycrisp sport varieties, including Premier Honeycrisp™ and Royal Red Honeycrisp™. About: Honeycrisp sport varieties The Honeycrisp (MN 1711) apple variety has been around for nearly 35 years, and continues to be a favorite apple for many consumers. While consumers know and love the fruits for their crisp texture and balanced flavors, most growers are familiar with some of the challenges that come with growing the tree itself: biennial bearing tendencies, with fruits prone to bitter pit a...

Interested in building soil health in your high tunnel? Collaborative cover crop trial

The University of MN/University of NH High Tunnel Cover Crops Trial is recruiting organic high tunnel growers to receive cover crop seed and participate in cover crop planting in fall 2025 or spring 2026. Our project aims to enable organic high tunnel growers to reduce their dependence on purchased composts and manures by using nitrogen-fixing legume cover crops.   Participating farmers will receive seed of "best bet" legume cover crops for your chosen timeslot, as well as a free soil test. To learn more about participating in the trial, please fill out our interest form . We will also be holding an informational webinar for farmers interested in taking part in the trial on Monday, August 18 at 12pm CDT on Zoom. Sign up for the informational webinar here. Upcoming planting timeslot options are:  Fall/overwinter cover crops (planted between August 15 and November 1), which will overwinter and be terminated before your spring vegetable planting. Early spring cover crops (pl...

Vegetable Update 7/24/2025

Natalie Hoidal & Marissa Schuh Much of the state is under water as we write this update, following torrential rain storms across Minnesota on Wednesday. Wet fields and air quality alerts followed by hot, humid weather this weekend likely mean less time in the field for a couple of days. Next week is supposed to bring drier, cooler weather, just in time to harvest any remaining garlic and plant final successions of fall crops like carrots and broccoli. “Farm hacks” While many of our readers are experienced farmers, we know plenty of our readers are just getting started. There are simple “hacks” that may seem obvious to folks who have worked on or visited their fair share of vegetable farms, but are not necessarily intuitive. For the next couple weeks, we’ll highlight some “farm hacks” that save farmers time and money. It’s hard to think about irrigation right now after months of heavy rain, but we often see hot dry spells in August, and it’s good to be prepared. This week we’re foc...

Fruit update - July 23, 2025

Article by Madeline Wimmer-UMN Extension Educator, Fruit Production General fruit : About: The winsome fly and Japanese beetles Pollinator installations and support Apples: Growth update: Beginning of ripening Grapes: Symptom check: Black rot on grape berries Plums: Russeting on fruits General fruit: About: The winsome fly and Japanese beetles Image: Japanese beetle adults will continue to feed as winsome fly eggs are laid on their thorax (middle body segment). The larval feeding eventually kills the Japanese beetle, which disrupts egg-laying in female beetles. While you’re out monitoring for and managing Japanese beetles this year, you might take note if you see any beetles with one or more white dots on their green thorax. These are eggs of the winsome fly ( Istocheta aldrichi ), a tachinid fly that is a parasitoid* of Japanese beetles. It only takes a few days after eggs are laid for a larva to hatch and begin feeding and developing through its larval stages. This damage does not ca...